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Battle of Palan
The Battle of Palan (1 September 1883) was one of several clashes between the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps and Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army during the Tonkin campaign (1883–1886). The battle, a French victory, took place during the period of increasing tension between France and China that eventually culminated in the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885).〔Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 166–7; ''Histoire militaire'', 64–6〕
== Background ==
The Battle of Palan was fought two weeks after the Battle of Phu Hoai, in which General Alexandre-Eugène Bouët (1833–87), the French ''commandant supérieur'' in Tonkin, had failed to defeat Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army. Heavy flooding in mid-August had obliged the Black Flags to abandon their positions in front of the Day River and retreat behind the river. The key to their new positions were the villages of Phong (or Phung), commanding the main road to Son Tay at its crossing of the Day River, and Palan (also known as Ba Giang), at the junction of the Red and Day rivers.〔Thomazi, ''Histoire militaire'', 64〕
Under pressure from Jules Harmand, the French civil commissioner general in Tonkin, Bouët attacked the new Black Flag positions at the end of August to clear the road to Son Tay, the ultimate French objective. Bouët committed 1,800 French soldiers to this offensive. The French force consisted of two marine infantry battalions (''chefs de bataillon'' Berger and Roux), each strengthened by contingents of Cochinchinese riflemen, one marine artillery battery (Captain Roussel) and a battalion of Yellow Flag auxiliaries.〔Roux’s battalion consisted of the 25th, 26th and 27th Companies, 4th Marine Infantry Regiment (Captains Drouin, Taccoën and Lancelot) and the 1st Annamese Rifle Company (Captain de Beauquesne). Berger’s battalion consisted of the 26th and 27th Companies, 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment (Captains Doucet and Guérin de Fontjoyeux) and the 2nd and 3rd Annamese Rifle Companies (Captains Boutet and Berger).〕 The attackers were supported by the gunboats ''Pluvier'', ''Léopard'', ''Fanfare'', ''Éclair'', ''Hache'' and ''Mousqueton'' from the Tonkin Flotilla, under the command of ''capitaine de vaisseau'' Morel-Beaulieu.〔Thomazi, ''Histoire militaire'', 65〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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